site of the original radium company city of orange

But in Europe, especially Switzerland, things were different. %PDF-1.4 N 'l" The Site includes the 5.9 acre S.W. A visit with one of the last "Radium Girls" - Cambridge Core The Radium Girls were female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint. The production of beer ceased with prohibition in 1920, and after the repeal of the Holstead Act in 1933, the brewery was sold to John F. Trommers of Philadelphia. The April 1920 Issue of Scientific American noted that more than 4,000,000 watches and clocks had been produced using radium-containing radioluminescent paint. Starting in 1979, the company underwent an extensive reorganization. Radium Girls: The Women Who Fought for Their Lives in a Killer The Orange Crosstown Line, eventually extending from Morris Street, Orange, to Bloomfield, was started in June 1888. He also indicated that the damage could be reversed by heating the paint. March 10, 1991. The Deterioration of the Paint's Luminosity. About The City of Orange Township a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. [13] The company, it was alleged, deliberately delayed settling litigation, leading to further deaths. In addition, radium-contaminated soil and debris were identified at approximately 250 noncontiguous properties available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. The radium was usually in the form of radium sulfatethe latter is less soluble than the other radium salts that were available (radium bromide and radium chloride). *Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program. Sr-90 and Y-90 are almost always present together in the same activities (i.e., in secular equilibrium). "RADIUM PAINT TAKES ITS INVENTOR'S LIFE; Dr. Sabin A. von Sochocky Ill a Long Time, Poisoned by Watch Dial Luminant. At least in some plants they were actually trained how to do it. United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. ORAU manages the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Michael S Raber, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Flagg, Thomas R, and Gerald Weinstein, photographer. The greater the number of alpha or beta particles striking the crystals, and the greater the energy deposited in them, the brighter the light. Standard Chemical Company used the name "Luna" and the Cold Light Manufacturing Company, a subsidiary of the Radium Company of Colorado, made "Marvelite.". [3] In Orange, where radium was extracted from 1917 to 1926, the U.S. Radium facility processed half a ton of ore per day. Alfson, M., trans Documentation Compiled After. It concerned . Once they have been promoted to the conduction band by the radiation, the electrons move to positively charged activator sites (e.g., copper, manganese, or silver impurities). EPA and NJDEP encourage the public to review these documents to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Site and Superfund activities that have been conducted at the Site. Reference staff can During the 1920s, the radium paint was applied to clock and watch components in a variety of ways: painting it on with a brush, painting it with a pen or stylus, applying it with a mechanical press, and dusting. This can be converted into an effective dose equivalent (essentially a whole body dose) of 0.02 mrem per year. Ultimately, it is the researcher's obligation to assess copyright or other use restrictions and obtain permission from third parties when necessary before publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the Library's collections. <> U.S. Radium Corp. Orange, N.J. Waste Lands: America's forgotten Paul Frame, Oak Ridge Associated Universities. Through our specialized teams of experts and access to a consortium of more than 150 major Ph.D.-granting institutions, ORAU works with federal, state, local and commercial customers to provide innovative scientific and technical solutions and help advance their missions. The following table comes from "The Use of Radium in Consumer Products," a 1968 publication of the US Public Health Service. site of the original radium company city of orange Beginning in 1920j, radium dial painters at the plant began reporting health problems later associated with radium exposure and many died over the next decade. Since Carteret was the Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as "New Jersey." trans by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. - City Council Agenda; Watch Meetings Online; Orange TV3 Live; By-District Elections; Boards and Commissions; Social Media. 0000005647 00000 n JERSEYANA - The New York Times This explanation is plausible and might provide a partial explanation for the decreased luminosity of old paint, but I have my doubts. 2022.7.1; Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and . United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. Bound. United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Historic American Engineering Record, creator. <> stream Superfund Program Proposed Plan US Radium Superfund Site - US EPA site of the original radium company city of orange. Is the item digitized? Us Radium Corp is a superfund site located at Alden And High Sts And Other Addresses, Orange, NJ 07050. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . 3 0 obj 1156 15 (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). Osteyee's Great Radium Spring Water Company incorporated May 1915 in Albany, New York. Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and measure radio-isotopes. United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ. xref The original. The workers had been told that the paint was harmless. In the other scenario, the estimated effective dose equivalent was 0.4 mrem per year. The other areas separated from the Town of Orange on various dates: South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. The company was founded in 1914 in New York City, by Dr. Sabin Arnold von Sochocky and Dr. George S. Willis, as the Radium Luminous Material Corporation. Source: The Journal has attempted to locate current owners for each site. If it is inhaled or swallowed, radium is dangerous because there is no shielding inside the body. % Radium Girls - Wikipedia in the vicinity of the former plant and at various other locations throughout the municipalities of Orange, West Orange, and South Orange. 1939 - Feb 1951. In one, the effective dose equivalent was estimated to be 0.2 mrem per year. Their responses are included when available. The higher the activity of the radium-226 (and the brighter the luminescence) the faster the deterioration. The radon and radiation resulting from the 1,600 tons of material on the abandoned factory resulted in the site's designation as a Superfund site by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1983. United States Radium Corporation, Paint Application Building, 422 Alden u.s. radium corp. - ToxicSites Around 1920, a similar radium dial business, known as the Radium Dial Company, a division of the Standard Chemical Company, opened in Chicago. The inside wall of the tube was coated with the luminescent material while the tritium was present as a gas. The company was originally established by brothers Charles and Gilbert LaBine as a gold mining enterprise in 1926, [2] but transitioned to focus on radium in the 1930s and uranium beginning in the 1940s. All day they would press them between their lips to keep them sharp. It wasn't until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. [2], U.S. Radium workers, especially women who painted the dials of watches and other instruments with luminous paint, suffered serious radioactive contamination. +lon|"SN-~[2vV+YeNRu.nt*d>Sykn&TWMZi.:+O/oVijFkZ=w7zn@i P~JQ+SY]nV*nzaW8Kv%`ojN.ZXIy^ Q?Cvmj}jQ_.dO.NU9`u}t-m|lr#,f/5u>F1>OV2nZ fK~x;-m SKbskO(y_?0^Y>Xu! In August 1921, von Sochocky was forced from the presidency, and the company was renamed the United States Radium Corporation. These records document the perspective of the United States Radium Corporation (USRC) and its predecessor, the Radium Luminous Material [4], The company's luminescent paint, marketed as Undark, was a mixture of radium and zinc sulfide; the radiation causing the sulfide to fluoresce. PDF Record of Decision Amendment, Denver Radium Site Operable Unit Viii Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through Radium-226 is an alpha emitter with a 1600 year half-life. In the 1920s, "mesothorium" was sometimes added to the paintmesothorium is the historical name given to radium-228 (5.8 year half-life). The low energy beta particles cannot penetrate the case. In one study of 18 pocket watches, the National Center for Radiological Health measured radium contents of 0.6 to 1.39 uCi. No more adhesive than necessary would be used because the adhesive would absorb some of the alpha particle energy before it could be deposited in the zinc sulfide. In a case of bad judgment, he failed to patent the idea. At the start of the 20th century, radium made its way into everyday items, from cosmetics to medicines to toys. Quoting Ross Mullner "there were so many radium painters in that country that it was common to recognize them on the streets even on the darkest nights because of the glow around them: their hair sparkled almost like a halo.". site of the original radium company city of orange Duplication Services Web site. Us Radium Corp in City Of Orange Township, NJ | Homefacts The latter dose not only applies to the wearer of the watch, it also applies to anyone in the same room as the wearer of the watch. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. 0000001686 00000 n All rights reserved. Impurities may be added to the zinc sulfide as follows: Cadmium, 0.05 per cent; copper, 0.001 per cent; manganese, 0.0002 per cent.". In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. The 2, 3, 6, and 8 were hardest to make correctly, for the fine lines which contrast with the heavy strokes in these numerals were usually too broad, even with the use of the finest, clipped brushes. If filmmakers were to take up such real-life dramas . . 1912. It stayed in the bottle. Orange continues to make history with respect to old traditions and with new firsts. In June 2003, the City was once again honored by a Presidential visit, when George W. Bush came to Orange as part of an initiative to highlight the importance of small businesses to community development. In May 2005, the City assigned its first female motorcycle police officer; and in January 2006, the City appointed the first woman judge to sit on the bench of the Orange Municipal Court. In March 2006, the first female and the first Latino police officers in the City of Orange were promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. Presidents, presidential candidates, and governors have attended prior anniversary celebrations. Building/structure dates: 1917 Initial Construction, Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. (v) 20 microcuries of promethium 147 per watch hand or 40 microcuries of promethium 147 per other timepiece hand. The dose to an individual from a Pm-147 containing timepiece is due to the emission of Bremmstrahlung and gamma rays. There were no publicly recognized health or safety problems identified or standards established for handling radioactive materials at this time. site of the original radium company city of orange The United States Radium Corporation was a company operated between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States. Send tips to, Report on Residual Radioactive and Beryllium Contamination at Atomic Weapons Employer Facilities and Beryllium Vendor Facilities (Aug. 2011), Environmental Protection Agency fact sheet, 2006 Environmental Protection Agency report. |7pGoP]%P37`}! m2Las )S-,\5x7X\`=A{=7^{{nUp`V]aOr\2[sKvv1!{Kgx;Soo*RgQzqB]!.nmg^xyH=FL]! Library of Congress Duplication Services. site of the original radium company city of orange. Since then, similar but smaller tubes attached to the hands and dial faces of analog watches have been used. The City of Orange Township is approximately 2.2 square miles and is surrounded by the municipalities of East Orange, South Orange and West Orange. In 1985, the State of New Jersey named Orange as a State Urban Enterprise Zone, creating tax breaks and investment incentives. New Jersey Orange Essex County, 1968. translateds by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. This firm refined ore and extracted radium used to make luminous paint for dials and hands of watches and other indicators . United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . Your public services and neighborly spirit are an example to the Nation" (Clark, Eleanor Sterling. site of the original radium company city of orange. Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 2 | Data Page(s): 14 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Weinstein, Gerald - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 17 | Data Page(s): 42 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3. https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, United States Radium Corporation, 422-432 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, United States Radium Corporation, Radium Crystallization Laboratory, 428 Alden Street, Orange, Essex County, NJ, Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Assembly Building, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. When the activator deexcites, a photon of light is emitted. The ingestion of the paint by the women, brought about while licking the brushes, resulted in a condition called radium jaw (radium necrosis), a painful swelling and porosity of the upper and lower jaws that ultimately led to many of their deaths. In 1982, citizens voted overwhelmingly to change the designation of Orange from a city to a township, thereby making it eligible for National Revenue Sharing funds. Beginning in 1920j, radium dial painters at the plant began reporting health problems later associated with radium exposure and many died over the next decade. Photograph. & Raber, M. S., Weinstein, G., photographer. The effective dose equivalent due to the tritium in the general room air was essentially the same, i.e., 0.02 mrem. 1939 - Feb 1951. The young women got horribly and gruesomely sick. [3], The company struggled after World War I: the loss of military contracts sharply reduced demand for luminescent paint and dials, and in 1922, high-grade ore was discovered in Katanga, driving all U.S. suppliers out of business except U.S. Radium and the Standard Chemical Company. The company occupied the former Ottawa High School, located at Columbus and Washington Streets. INTERIOR VIEW TO NORTHEAST - United States Radium Corporation, Radium 0000002538 00000 n Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Eugene J Boesch, and Michael S Raber, Weinstein, Gerald, photographer. Measured leakage rates from watches employing tritium containing paint were up to 83 nCi (0.083 uCi) per day in one study, and 1 to 370 pCi per minute in another (0.0014 to 0.5 uCi per day). Us Radium Corp is currently registered as an Active NPL superfund site by the EPA. [3] The ore was obtained from "Undark mines" in Paradox Valley, Colorado and in Utah. Approximately 1/2 to 2 tons of ore per day was processed and disposed of on and off the property. (iv) 100 microcuries of promethium 147 per watch or 200 microcuries of promethium 147 per any other timepiece. After the war came another period of retrenchment. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the For the purpose of these calculations, the activity was assumed to be 100 uCi per timepiece (watch or clock). British Medical Research Council (1956) 0.2 uCi, Seelentag & Klotz, Germany (1959) 0.04 uCi 0.008 - 0.095 uCi, Seelentag & Schmier, Germany (1961) 0.014 uCi 0.002 - 0.885 uCi, Fitzsimmons (1972) 0.2 to 1.8 mrem per year with an average of 0.6 mrem per year, Moghissi and Carter (1975) 0.8 urem/27 uCi. Ra-228 is a beta emitter, but over time it decays into thorium-228 (1.9 year half-life), an alpha emitter. See below for more details. Even before official standards of workplace radiation exposure were established after World War II, data from dial painters' cases were a major source in the health and safety codes developed for the wartime Manhattan Project. In that year, the company consolidated its operations at facilities in Morristown, New Jersey and South Centre Township east of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Website Design by . While the radium-zinc sulfide mixture could be placed directly in glass vial and used, a paint had to include some sort of adhesive, e.g., lacquer or gum binder. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Trommers brewed beer under that label until 1950, when the concern was again sold to Liebmann Breweries, Incorporated, which bottled Rheingold. Eventually, after several additional owners, the plant was closed for good in 1977. Colgate & Company Jersey City Plant, Between 1931 Pierhead Line, Essex, York, & Montgomery Streets, Jersey Ford Motor Company Edgewater Assembly Plant, Substation, 309 River Road, Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ. The Library of Congress does notown rights to material in its collections. The damage presumably prevents electrons in the conduction band from reaching the activator sites (e.g., copper, silver) where the light would be emitted. The brand name for the radioluminescent paint produced by U.S. Radium Corporation was "Undark." The regulations set forth by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 10 CFR 30.15 state that an individual does not need a license to possess timepieces if the following specifications are not exceeded: (i) 25 millicuries of tritium per timepiece. trans by Alfson, Marymitter Documentation Compiled After. - Significance: The U.S. Radium Corporation site, including the surviving structural components dating to the period 1917-1926, were associated with nationally significant developments in health and safety standards, the ability of women reformers to secure protection for workers handling radioactive materials, and tools used to detect and [7] It ceased radium processing altogether in 1968, spinning off those operations as Nuclear Radiation Development Corporation, LLC, based in Grand Island, New York. This led to the so-called practice of "tipping" or pointing the brush in the lips. 0000002131 00000 n Duplication Services Web site. Photo(s): 3 | Data Page(s): 98 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Raber, Michael S - Alfson, Mary - Weinstein, Gerald - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Boesch, Eugene J, Photo(s): 8 | Data Page(s): 16 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Photo(s): 89 | Data Page(s): 53 | Photo Caption Page(s): 7, Raber, Michael S - Turner Construction Company - Weinstein, Gerald - Pittsburgh Clay Products - Kahn, Albert - Hartz Mountain Industries, Incorporated - Flagg, Thomas R - Historic American Engineering Record - Cary, Brian, Photo(s): 20 | Data Page(s): 6 | Photo Caption Page(s): 3, Van Dolsen, Nancy - Alfson, Mary - Historic American Engineering Record - Strauss Bascule Bridge Company - Stokes, Christopher, Measured Drawing(s): 1 | Data Page(s): 38, Raber, Michael S - Weinstein, Gerald - Raber, Michael S. - Stewart, Robert C - Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company - Westinghouse Electric Company - Historic American Engineering Record.

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