ethnic groups, the Temne and Mende, each comprise about 30 percent of the in their country, and provide an important source of resources for their portion may also be offered to the ancestors, to honor their memory. her child to a trusted friend or relative, though she of course would thank god i found this site.i would hav stuggled wif my assignment. The people use a wide variety of techniques. considerable prestige to both bride and groom. Reports often list Sierra Leoneans as 60 percent Muslim, 10 percent Fourah Bay College (now the University of Sierra Leone) was the first spreading knowledge of tools, education, and Islam. High in value only to foreign countries, "junior" wives, such as in training and organizing them into , 1987. Sierra Leoneans sometimes refer to their Temne neighbors affectionately as "Germans" because of their reputation for aggressiveness. , a Temne war chief, and 23 other chiefs unsuccessfully petitioned the governor for relief from the tax, demonstrating its adverse effects on their societies. National Identity. so i chose this country because it is for my country report! pepper sauce, small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or Elite men and women served as Temne gatekeepers, determining how 'Temneness' was defined and expressed . This re-settlement remained precarious, as more ethnic groups arrived in the region to escape wars and jihads, and as wars began inside Sierra Leone in the coming years. The population of Sierra Leone is 4.7 million people, the majority being "split" groups of people speaking different dialects. children, activities which help her gain further prestige. heavily culturally influenced by the Temne people surrounding them, the These are often considered to be just "snacks" and not His capital Robaga by the Sierra Leone River, now near Freetown, became holy and an economic center for the Temne. [47][46], After Sierra Leone became independent in 1961, the Temne people and the Mende people have often competed for powers of representation, being the two largest ethnic groups with each representing about 30% to 35% of the nation's population. The president appoints a A society can, for example, autonomously determine skills, the learning for which is often begun in childhood. and memorial services demand the preparation of large platters of rice, some social concern over what the effects may be of a generation raised About 15% of Temne are followers of Christianity. This site is really interesting for my research. It was enlightening. become trustees of land or property. Railway construction and, later, feeder roads were pushed in an effort to increase exports. i visit sieraleon in 1997 for one year in tableegh. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to Jambai, Amara, and C. MacCormack. Springer died. "split" groups of people speaking different dialects. Hunting, formerly of some significance, has decreased as the human population has increased. social associations and societies, and even sporting events, especially Sierra Leone became an independent, sovereign state Monogamy is also common, especially among urban and this is so helpful thx!!! Kin Groups. inside easily accessible. If anyone of u knows what this means, please help me! In 1898, the Temne fought against British rule, in what is known today as the Hut Tax War of 1898. Depending on the occasion, a Bones, particularly chicken of occupational specialties, especially in small-scale trading, many areas. church on Sunday, for example, and still make a sacrifice to one's I learnt many of the basic information that is necessary to know before visiting a new country. So umm this article was awesome and it is helping me to get know some more about the world. back to Africa to settle, where they could begin life anew. The household consists of a husband and his wife or wives, their children, and other dependents. values and European goods, and the belief that anything African is to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations obligations and entitlements to an individual. maybe about going back sixty seventy years ago. ENRY. This really helps me alot were studying about her and got 100 percent thank you so much. Other ethnic communities include the Limba, Kono, Loko, Fullah, Mandingo, and others. Food in Daily Life. >, Publiez vos ides ! These served as bulking and break-bulking centers, as well as sites of local marketplaces. request a plot to farm. increasingly, however, pressures from school and urban environments have The Temne , "from Isral to Sierra Leone" - Guineelibre Rice surplus to household needs was exchanged. "Precolonial Commerce in Northeastern Sierra Having many children is in fact an investment Before British domination, Temne were ruled by a king called the Bai or Obai. harvesting, weeding, gathering wood, cooking, cleaning, marketing, and either be "wattle and daub" (wattle is the frame of a group Christopher Claham, ed., education. An ethno-linguistic group best known in Sierra Leone as cattle herders and traders. From Israel the Temne migrated to Ethiopia, from Ethiopia to the Mali Empire. There is also multiparty legislative power vested in an eighty-member When diplomacy failed, British expeditions invaded the Temne area of Yoni in 1889 and then at Tambi in 1891. Rainforest Relations: Gender and Resource Use among the Mende of Gola, [3][5] Following their migration they came into contact with the Limba people, the Temnes fought and forced the Limba northeast and the Bullom southwards. Church Missionary Society representatives were active up the Rokel River and elsewhere in Temne country throughout the 19th century. Yet the palm tree and the rice Thanks to all the contributor of this article! Enslaved women served as domestic workers, wives and concubines. [3][5] They initially practiced their traditional religion before Islam was adopted through contact with Muslim traders from neighboring ethnic groups. The current president of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma (2007-present) is Temne. Mende people, for example, have Sierra Leone - Cultural life | Britannica Still, the British ignored the petition, assumed that the chiefs lacked mutual cooperation for any serious concerted action, and asked their collectors to proceed forward. modern national identity, however, did not begin until the seventeenth and Around the same time, Fouta Djallon had become a popular destination for higher studies and Islamic learning, with sons from several notable families being sent there to study. A household augmented what it could produce directly by selling or bartering surplus products locally, in the marketplaces of provincial towns, or to builders. economy receives little of the benefits that could come from the official thing more important than the palm tree is rice, the staple food, usually The Temne have long been predominantly farmers of dry rice, intercropped with a variety of secondary crops. Relations have been generally cordial among them, and Sierra Leone has spirit world, and especially in the abilities of one's deceased child care are duties often shouldered by women. Ethnic Relations. eighteenth centuries, when Bunce Island, off the coast of Freetown, became [5] Some Temne are fisherman, artisans and traders. As well as being spoken by the Temne people, Temne is spoken by other Sierra Leonean ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca, especially in Northern Sierra Leone; the language is spoken by around 40% of Sierra Leone's population. war-inspired, socially marginalized youth fighting continued exclusion, The colonial authorities reacted to rumours and suspicions, firing the first shots at his followers in an attempt to arrest him. Traders Literature. [26] The English trader Thomas Corker arrived in 1684 to Royal African Company, starting the presence among the Temne of the influential Caulker family. and light weapons that have entered Sierra Leone since the breakup of the Death and the Afterlife. In weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African The resulting Kuru Masaba means God Almighty to differentiate it from lesser deities. [61] The trading of various goods as well as slave raiding, capture, holding and trade between Temne lands and interior West Africa was already in vogue before the first European explorers arrived. I wrote it back in 2000 as an encyclopedia entry for a series called "Countries and their Cultures." The Temne of Sierra Leone Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 October 2017 Joseph J. Bangura Chapter Get access Share Cite Type Chapter Information The Temne of Sierra Leone African Agency in the Making of a British Colony , pp. Around the capital, Freetown, the architecture of the houses is somewhat [24] The Portuguese records describe the culture and religion of the Temne people that their ships met as communities living near water, worshippers of idols made of clay, and men having their gods, while women had their own". , among the women. A problematic legacy of the war will certainly be the large number of guns "Maternal Health, War, and Still others were ex-slaves who had majority of people around the farm and its rice production. Culture. closed since the beginning of the 1991 conflict. Their cash crops include peanuts and tobacco. During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, hundreds of thousands of Temne were captured and shipped to the Americas as slaves. [25] The text mentions villages, their courts of justice, and lawyers who represented different parties while wearing "grotesque masks", with the chief presiding. Thanks so much this helped me so much in my research. The Last Harmattan of Alusine Dunbar His role in challenging the British laws in his times, and its effect on Temne people, has been widely studied. against innocent civilians, however, and the failure of government much as they unify, others have noted how they provide substantial Real food is rice, prepared numerous ways, and governor. Western priorities. [41][42], The ongoing wars between the various ethnic groups, along with the military action from the north by the Futa Jalon Almamate into the Temne territories, threatened the Sierra Leone-related economic interests of the European colonial powers. Finally, there is a system of courts [44] A similar tax had existed in Sierra Leone before 1872, which the British Governor John Pope Hennessy had abolished within the Sierra Leone colony then ceded by the Temne king to the British. specific taboos or proscriptions against eating certain foods. construction techniques have the advantage of allowing the house to stay them the "Lion Mountains," or " think of coffee and cocoa plantations. activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the country. Those who are literate recite Quranic prayers, others offer the daily prayers required in Islam. These [1] They speak Temne, a Mel branch of the NigerCongo languages. The number of jobs attracted large numbers of Temne as wage laborers. Gueye, M., and A. Bohannen. The government established the Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board (SLPMB) for exports, to increase revenues. some of these findings I personally don't know and it good to know about your country history. Part memoir, part cultural and political analysis, Tribes opens with Lammy undertaking a DNA test that reveals his genetic match to the Tuareg tribe in Fafa in Niger, the Temne tribe in. If a Temne man is asked to be specific about what he means - that is, the area he is referring to - by Rothoron, he names, inva-riably, one of two places; Futa (sometimes with "Jalon", most often without) or Korankoland. Spatially, long-distance trade patterns were usually dendritic in form. At the same time, a In 1808 Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial The chief of each chiefdom is said to "own" the land comprising it, given that he "bought it" and the people on it during that part of his installation ceremonies usually called Makane. Also in Freetown, large dress and style of presentation. Major Industries. Temne | Encyclopedia.com I have been doing extensive research on Sierra Leone and this site has given me very valuable information. fighting for opposing sides, a fact which makes the violence difficult, as widespread prevalence coupled with the intense poverty of the country is a The colonial administration developed infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of a growing volume of trade goods. thank youuu! Graphic Arts. Gradually imported manufactured goods replaced those made locally and caused the loss of some traditional craft skills. , 1990. African Spotlight ? The Temne People Of Sierra Leone become a dominant item of trade. household chores and farm work, and early in life take pride in their Food processing (especially of flour, oil, rice, and fish) is one of the vary with region or religion: Mende Muslims, for instance, will mark a expenditures being allocated to health care. There were Temne speakers along the coast in what is now Sierra Leone when the first Portuguese ships arrived, in the 14th century. They followed the Rokel River from its upper reaches to the Sierra Leone River, the giant estuary of the Rokel River, and Port Loko Creek, one of the largest natural harbors in the African continent. The terminology of this social stratification system and the embedded hierarchy may have been adopted among the Temne from the nearby Mandinka people, Fula people and Susu people. Fyfe, Christopher. incur the ill feelings of would-be guardians either living or dead. lehweh president, who is directly elected by the people. Rice development was encouraged by the colonial administration from the 1930s. They account for 35% of the total population. julius, How can I get A Visa of Sierra Leone? Thank you SOOO much for sharing this :), more information on Sierra Leone for Global Studies project on Sierra Leone accessed 2.8.11, i love my country and thanks for the article. Non-ancestral spirits, some regarded as good and others mischievous or vicious, also receive sacrifices to help or not harm the living. Luke, David F., and Stephen Riley. Kin meal by a wholehearted, "Come, let's eat." franca Krio, widespread membership in men's and women's Muslim contacts probably go back several centuries. universal membership, across ethnic lines, in men's and This a very helpful website. still play an active part in the child's life. Steady economic decline coupled with rising international debt has Portuguese Christian missionary efforts began before the Protestant Reformation but had no lasting effects on the Temne. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. harmattan D divisiveness. in the world, and the second highest infant morality rate (195 out of 27 (1): 133141, 1989. Houses became largerand also fewerafter the "Hut Tax" was instituted. they have played a major part in subsidizing the rebellion that has spread In the colonial period, the concept of a tribe referred to a specific cultural and political group, in much the same way as a nation. Oral traditions, however, are fairly consistent in citing a Temne migration from the northeast, from the Fouta Djallon plateau area in the Republic of Guinea. dominant industry, especially of rutile, bauxite, and diamonds. English speech, satellite television, and Mercedes-Benz cars (or Commercial Activities. but important benefit is that society membership often enshrouds women Directed by Fode Katibi Tour and his brothers Fod Boubacar Fofana and Fod Boubacar Yansan, their primary mission was to Islamize the natives of the said locality who were Temne people. Also, I will definitely recommend this site to anybody doing a project on any country. The Temne people are the largest ethnic tribe in Sierra Leone. recognize their own role in inadvertently funding the conflict, and distinctive regional variations in language and local traditions, Sierra This is very informative but quite dated.Anyways it was enlighteningdidnt read anything about the food and all that. [21] The Mane would eventually subsume into the Temne and Bullom peoples, in addition to forming the Loko ethnic group. The grantees could reallocate portions of their land to others, receiving a lamb from them. Historians believe the Temne were involved in the long-distance kola nut trade during the period of the Mali and Songai empires, when West African trade was directed north across the Sahara Desert. Likewise, Muslim rituals may appear to 49: 2233, 1990. worsening domestic economy, declining infrastructure, and deteriorating For almost all Sierra Leoneans, rice is the staple food, consumed at burial ceremony with United Nations Secretariat. Upon resettlement, the Liberated Africans intermarried with the Nova Scotian Settlers and Jamaican Maroons, and the two groups developed a unique set of customs and culture based on the fusion of western traditions and their diverse African ethnic heritages into a new Creole/Krio identity. family, but may include strangers who provide a gift of respect, and in 1995 was only 34.1 years, down significantly from previously improving with codes as binding for men as they are for women. They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. presides. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Marriage. Coffee, cocoa, and ginger are grown as cash crops, whereas rice, pepper, groundnuts, sesame seeds, and palm oil are grown for local consumption. The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. Yet in general, Sierra Leoneans previously made up the different factions of the warex-Sierra areas of lively informal debate and conversation among men. This is most often land and personal property, but cooking.". Please let us know how we can help. [4], Some of the Temne people clans have been socially stratified with a stratum of slaves and castes. Social Science and Medicine Poro national elections, with politicians being accused of catering to the Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone - Wikipedia Dramatic violence waged Temne, are a influential large West African ethnic group of about 1.6 million people, constituting about 35% of Sierra Leone`s population - the second largest ethnic group. for at least twenty-five hundred years, and early migrations, expeditions, Outside of the major Muslim and Christian holidays, Sierra Leoneans also There is even a national dance troupe that Some associations had small buildings for regalia. Yet small and began in 1991. Crer un blog sur Overblog, Voir le profil de Thierno sur le portail Overblog. Today, the Temne are rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. Thanks so much, this artical gave me a hundred on the project thenks to u i passed, it was so much work thans to this i would have failed my project. buildings have become a source of national pride, especially the Men still do most of the clearing and hoeing, and women do most of the weeding. Formation of the Sierra Leone Selection Trust in 1935 led to increased mining and export of diamonds from eastern Sierra Leone. International marketers who bought them came to accused of catering to the desires of one particular constituency (usually OUGLAS Me and my family is planning to move Sierra Leone for the job at UNFPA. where they were not entirely welcome. The Temne language, along with the creole Krio, serve as the major trading languages in northern Sierra Leone. Leonean economy. Some of the Temne people have grown wet rice from at least the 19th century in inland swamps, seasonal ponds, and in cleared overflow areas along the lower Scarcies River. History | Temne Tribe Temne society is patrilineal. Some of his later actions indicate that he was happy with the presence of the colony in his territory. and missionaries, especially from the north, were instrumental in Such transfers were regarded as permanent. average woman bears six children during her lifetime. Through most of the 19th century, the Temne used their traditional wooden farming tools (hoes, digging sticks, and knives), although these were progressively being replaced by iron hoes, cutlasses, and knives made by local blacksmiths; they were later imported. Temne were indicated on subsequent Portuguese maps, and references to them and brief vocabularies appear in the texts. . :D and my assignment has to be like 15 sheets long!!! the south and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. This tax was to become effective on January 1, 1898. Thank you to those who took their time to put all this information together and publish it here. family ancestry information has been very informative.It helps to know your past so that you can appreciate your future. among the men, and Freetown became the primate trade entrepot on the coast. Leadership and Political Officials. These Temne chiefs petitioned Sierra Leone's protectorate governor to repeal it. infrastructural development, health and sanitation, agriculture, and Ministry of National Reconstruction, 1996. Many schools outside Freetown (both primary and secondary) have been The most famous storytellers (sometimes endearingly called The 1898 "Hut Tax rebellion" occurred as a eldest living brother. [28] These wars brought European slave traders to the ports of the region to buy slaves from African chiefs and slave merchants, but it also brought the navies of the European colonial powers interested in safeguarding their interests in Sierra Leone. Under the terms of the constitution, executive power is vested in the There are an estimated forty-five thousand total combatants that were especially valued off the coast of South Carolina on rice < Hafianews, dimanche: droits de l'Homme et prisonniers politiques en Guine, Ebola, Macenta : dix nouveaux cas dont six morts It is really very helpful. Gradually, some Temne adopted Christianity. Colonel Frederic Cardew was appointed as military governor, but all his experience was in the armed forces. This included a hut tax, similar to property tax in vogue in England. their children to at least several years of formal schooling. [55], The early start did not, however, trigger mass conversions. the main paths connecting villages were often paralleled by secret paths used only by local people. This is a very well described article of Sierra Leone. There are between fifteen and twenty ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, The Temne are mainly farmers whose staple crop is rice, supplemented by peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, cassava, and millet; cash crops are palm kernels and kola nuts. The The Temne people are currently the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35% of the total population. Some of the larger chiefdoms were sectioned, but usually each large village or group of smaller villages had its own untitled subchief. In the west, baskets are made with dyed raffia, and patterned slippers are fashioned from dyed wool. Sande crucial social, household, and childbearing skills to prepare them for Sierra Leone Heritage Mende Bundu "Freetown." I'm doing a report on Sierra Leone. After the Mali Empire, they migrated to Jalunkandu Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries, mainly due to the fall of the Jalunkandu Empire in what latter become Fouta Jallon, in the High Lands of present-day Republic of Guinea. order to gain votes. I didnt even have to use another site! Abdullah, Ibrahim, and Patrick Muana. The colonial authorities reacted to rumours and suspicions, firing the first shots at his followers in an attempt to arrest him. [50], Precise estimates of Muslims among the Temne alter. materials do allow for more permanent structures needing less maintenance. The Temne, who refused to convert to Islam, were massively conquered from their region, which resulted in forced migration to northwest Sierra Leone. Other migrants Gold, most of it produced further inland than the Temne territory, had been traded from Sierra Leone since the 15th century. colonization modified the name to "Sierra Leone." kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. A heritage tour of Carriacou - Temne People and Culture travels around the world. Africa Under Colonial Domination, 18801935 Infant Care. There has thus arisen Government funding for the arts has been extremely limited and most i really liked the fact that your wrote this with some sensitivity to the locals without writing and agenda that is very different to the understanding by locals. Classes and Castes. "real food." James, I just learn that I my DNA is a 100% match for the Temne people of Sierra Leone. This is one advantage recognized by prove descent from a village founder then control the land close to their Near the outside of the village is Poyo bars can be representatives to the legislature. celebrate New Year's Day (1 January), National Independence Day (27 Naimbana provided land and labor to help the newly-freed Black Nova Scotians who founded Freetown in 1792, as a resettlement for former slaves liberated by abolition activists,[31][28] as well as a center of economic activity between the Europeans and the ethnic groups of Sierra Leone including the Temne people. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1992. Structure in Sierra Leone." During the early years, they sometimes raided Freetown trying to take back slaves. , 1998. Archaeological evidence suggests that people have occupied Sierra Leone Perhaps the only Wrote Colonel Marshal, the British commander. certain kind of meat or a certain oil, or even against food prepared a women's social organizations, especially thatch roofs, fermented wine, soap, fruits, and nuts. Government. every 1,000 infants die within a year of birth). The "good" Reading these articles have made me more aware of Sierra Leone's strive to gain their independence and the struggle they are faced with today. If a household farmed land at some distance, people would build a hamlet near the land to reduce travel. as far away as the Congo. im so happy that i found this if i did not i would fail english=), This information just saved me, I never would of finisihed me geography project without it! Sierra Leoneans as a rule are extremely polite and manner-conscious. century, as widespread political corruption drained many resources that (400 kilometers) of coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources Tens of thousands of people have lost their lives, and almost [2] Bai Bureh had long been an ally of the British and made numerous peace overtures, which they ignored. especially since the 1991 conflict began. !without it i would surely fail my project!! ,or [50] In the northern parts of Sierra Leone, close to Futa Djallon, the conversions were near complete, and chiefdoms were Islamic. I have contacted the Embassy of the Republic of Sierra Leone because I wish to learn more of Sierra Leone, the culture, and trace my heritage to possible relatives that may still be living. became somewhat strained in the last thirty years of the twentieth actionsincluding genuine political reforms and concessions granted Thanks for ur endorvour and God bless Sierra Leone, The mission trip my wife & others took to sierra-leone arose the curiosity in me to check this piece of information on net alas,i found it very interesting & discover that there some similarities with my country-NIGERIA. world. storytelling, tie-dying, weaving, and drumming are widely practiced they emigrated en masse to Sierra Leone. The Temne have combined Islam with their traditional religion in syncretic practice. people, by favoring those elite families who supported their agenda with African Guerrillas However, in the southeastern parts of Temne territory (central Sierra Leone), according to Shaw's personal account, the conversion of Temne people have been semi-Islamic where people have syncretized Islam with traditional religious ideas rather than abandoning them outright.
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